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Multimedia-feature

Multimedia-feature phones today often carry MP3 audio players, video players and mobile TV applications. Some also boast console-quality 3-D gaming platforms. All of this functionality requires digital rights management (DRM) or control access (CA) services to protect high-value content. The DRM and CA schemes are often associated with content management and protection models, such as Content Management License Administrator (CMLA) or Content Protection for Recordable Media (CPRM), that favor secure, hardwarestrengthened content protection. They are also often associated with penalty clauses to further motivate OEMs to adopt strong protection schemes.

Connectivity-enabled phones feature access to the Internet and networking through multiple access technologies such as 3G or Wi-Fi, as well as personal communication means such as Bluetooth® and Near Field Communication (NFC). Among these, enterprise-type phones that enable push e-mail access and office applications have proved xtremely popular. They give users a “work anywhere” ability that requires a secure link to their workplace applications through virtual private networking (VPN), secure storage of their data and remote management of the phone by the IT department. Company IT departments are often wary of enabling connectivity access to their networks, fearing that the handsets could carry malware and create attacks from within the network when used on company premises.

Learning materials and systems development

Although delivering materials in a browser helps, it does not offer full platform independence and there are still standards issues. We have found that it helps to use software layers to insulate learning materials from device-specific features. An iterative approach to development is best, and developing learning materials specifically for mobile learning is better than re-using materials developed for delivery to a PC. Attempting to deliver a monolithic mobile learning system is too inflexible in view of the heterogeneous mixture of hardware and services available and the desirability of facilitating blended approaches to learning delivery, particularly for our target audience.It is important to be aware that, when delivering learning or offering support services to someone’s mobile phone, we are encroaching on their personal space. A flexible, collaborative and pragmatic approach to development works well in an environment where the technologies are new and standards are evolving. This is aided by working collaboratively within a small consortium.

Handsets and infrastructure

Mobile phones and PDAs are no longer just for chatting and organising contacts and diaries, they are now pocket-sized computers and as such have the ability to deliver learning objects and provide access to online systems and services. However, network infrastructure has not quite kept up with handset development, users’ expectations or industry hype. As a result, bandwidth is not yet good enough for substantial online learning and coverage and signal problems are still barriers in many areas and when travelling. Therefore, a mixture of online learning and learning using materials downloaded onto handheld devices for use offline is necessary.

mediaBoard

The mediaBoard is an activity tool developed to facilitate collaborative approaches to mobile learning. Multimedia messaging (MMS) is used to add visual and audio material to a web-based multimedia map or picture. Collaborating organisations have been experimenting with the mediaBoard and inventing a variety of activities that it can support. Some mentors have been very enthusiastic about the mediaBoard’s potential and groups of learners have enjoyed trying it. Learners can also take part in mediaBoard activities using their own basic phones and separate cameras, with the pictures being transferred to the website later from a PC. In practice, development of the mediaBoard was more difficult and time consuming than originally anticipated, particularly because of significant differences in MMS handling between service providers.

Mobile phone SMS

In collaboration with Albatros, an organisation from south Italy working for the social integration of foreign and dialect-speaking people, our Italian partners CRMPA have designed an SMS-based basic Italian language course that can be delivered to learners’ own low specification mobile phones. The course structure includes 100 concepts and for each concept textual and test dialogues have been created. The learner can send the answer by simply replying to the SMS message with a further message. The system tracks the answers received from learners, verifies the results and sends them a new SMS containing test results and suggestions for improvement.

Mobile phone J2ME quiz games

Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME) allows programmers to use the Java programming language and related tools to develop applications for mobile wireless information devices such as mobile phones and PDAs. Currently, most new phones support Java, and an increasingly large number of games are being developed using J2ME and marketed to mobile users. For our learner research and systems trials we pre-loaded these quiz games onto the phones the learners used. They have also been made available for downloading to any other Java-enabled phones via a WAP server.The J2ME driving theory test game was very popular with learners who took part in our learner research and systems trials, many of whom were learning to drive or hoping to do so soon. Several of the other materials developed for the ‘smartphones’ also use driving as a theme for developing numeracy (eg stopping distance calculations).

Learning materials

Learning materials for the Sony Ericsson P800/P900 hybrid mobile phone/PDA

We selected the P800 as our Symbian handset and soon afterwards an upgraded version of this handset, the P900, was released. Unfortunately, none of the Symbian phones available support Flash 6 and therefore most of the learning materials that we developed for the Pocket PC PDA/phone devices will not work on these phones. Also, when using the standard web browser, supplied learning materials cannot be cached on the phone and therefore have to be used online only. An alternative web browser, Opera, can be installed on these phones and may solve this problem

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